Sierra Pacific Power, Peak Performance Program (commercial), Profile #110


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


Sierra Pacific Power Company’s Peak Performance program represents a program that has evolved over time addressing both the needs of the utility and its customers. The program’s roots were typified by conventional incentives. Then in order to make the program more cost effective and to serve a greater number of customers in difficult-to-reach customer segments, the program began to more fully exploit the company’s technical and engineering services while shifting a greater percentage of the resulting retrofits’ costs to customers themselves. Financing was also added as a program option to alleviate participants’ first-cost hurdles and to broaden the net of eligible customers. Now financing and customer capital appears poised to replace rebates as the basis for the program as the utility’s cost effectiveness criteria have become more stringent and electric utility competition increases.



Key to the success of the program has been its engineering orientation. The Customer Technical Services Department which implements the program has fashioned the program in line with several other industry trends. Paramount to the program are monitoring and verification of savings. Staff work in close cooperation with a qualified network of engineering firms in the utility’s service territory to identify savings potentials and to perform pre- and post-installation monitoring of customers’ facilities. These trade allies have been critical to the program’s implementation and have been instrumental in assuring that incentives are only paid for validated savings.



Another feature of Peak Performance is its focus on two intriguing customer segments. Since the demand for energy and capacity related to mining is Sierra Pacific’s fastest growing load, Peak Performance works in close cooperation with Mining Customer Services to make this sector’s use of electricity most productive and to serve these customers with enhanced energy services. Incentives have been provided for more efficient equipment, such as motors and pumps, and for process improvements such as gravity-feed water systems.



The gaming industry also presents unique challenges and opportunities for Peak Performance. While casinos and hotels are among the toughest customer segments to address with energy efficiency improvements, through sophisticated technical services Sierra Pacific has been able to make progress with decreasing overall energy consumption while maintaining or improving visitor amenities. Key to this success has been a recognition that these customers' unique needs are generally not financial but instead related to minimizing inconveniences related to energy efficiency while improving the overall productivity of staff and maximizing the gaming floor area and customer comfort. Sierra Pacific experts continue to use their creative and technical abilities to evaluate alternative advanced energy services for casinos -- such as on-site generation and district cooling -- to maximize the efficiency of their power use and to thus retain these customers which are clearly important to both the utility and the area’s economic development.

 

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Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Solar Photovoltaics (comprehensive solar), Profile #111

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) is unparalleled in its commitment to renewable energy -- particularly solar -- as well as comprehensive energy efficiency and load management programs. (See Profiles #13,66,83,91) Through its dedication to the development of solar energy as a business strategy, and in collaboration with a number of research and marketing organizations such as UPVG, PV4U, and PVUSA, SMUD has implemented a range of solar technologies to procure resources, to build local expertise and product availability, to educate Sacramento’s citizens, to support peak power generation, and fundamentally to stimulate an important market transformation whereby solar technologies become commercially viable.



SMUD’s solar programs encompass a number of applications ranging from the world-renowned and record-sized PV1 and PV2 projects (fully 2 MW of arrays located at its retired Rancho Seco nuclear power plant), to its rooftop solar initiatives in the residential and commercial sectors. SMUD has also installed nearly 600 kW of PV arrays at its Hedge substation where it has developed a highly cost effective single-axis mounting strategy while exploring the economics of substation-interfaced capacity. SMUD also built the West’s first public solar PV electric vehicle recharging stations.



The Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Program offers an insight into SMUD’s corporate philosophy regarding its role in PV commercialization as well as a range of experiences and lessons learned. PV Pioneers, for example, involves the installation of 4 kW PV panels on customers’ roofs. SMUD has found that customers are eager to pay a premium for the satisfaction of generating clean, renewable electricity! So far over 240 systems have been installed in Sacramento’s residential neighborhoods allowing the utility to gain valuable insights about the distributed utility concept whereby customers also become generators, feeding small increments of power into the fingers of the distribution network where it is often needed most. SMUD has extended the PV Pioneers concept to the commercial sector and recently installed an impressive array on a quite prominent church roof in town!



One of the remarkable aspects of the Solar PV program is the level of community support that it has received and cultivated. Market research commissioned by SMUD in 1993 found that fully 26% of its customers were willing to pay a premium for PV power generated on their rooftops. Fully 70% were willing to participate in a "green pricing" program in which they would pay more on their monthly utility bills so that SMUD could establish a "Clean Energy" program. This support, coupled with the remarkable responsiveness of local contractors to refine their solar expertise, has paved the way for SMUD’s solar commitment.

 


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Nebraska Energy Office, Dollar and Energy Savings Loan Program (residential), Profile #112

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



The Nebraska Energy Office has implemented the Dollar and Energy Saving Loan program since 1990 with remarkable success, but without much deserved fanfare. Not only has the program resulted in over $52.7 million dollars worth of retrofit activity, 4,394 MWh of annual electricity savings, and 137,107 MCF of natural gas savings, but to do so the Energy Office has effectively leveraged significant private sector funds from the program’s base funding of oil overcharge monies. In an elegant yet simple program design that seems highly transferable, the Energy Office has used the interest income generated from oil overcharge funds to administer the program, while subsidizing low-interest energy efficiency loans by working in close cooperation with commercial lenders in the State.



Nebraska initially invested $10.0 million in the loan program. Within a few years the program was allocated additional funds, bringing the total State investment to $19.0 million. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of the program design is that this initial seed capital of public funds has been leveraged through matching private-sector funds, increasing the total dollar value of loans made to $48.8 million. Over ten years, the Energy Office expects that the total amount of capital provided for retrofits will be fully 360% of the initial outlay of public funds! Furthermore, over 98% of the total dollars expended through the program have been dedicated to energy conservation measures, with comparably little expended for either administration or energy audits.



Unlike many financing and revolving loan fund programs, the Dollar and Energy Saving Loan program is quite unique in its emphasis on the residential sector. Of the 8,673 projects undertaken as a result of the program through 1994, fully 92% or 7,986 have been fuel-neutral residential loans. These loans have fostered both gas and electricity savings with average home efficiency gains of 13.5% and 5% respectively. The program has also supported retrofit activity in the agricultural, small business, local government, and rural nursing home sectors.



The program’s macroeconomic impact has been evaluated in terms of job creation, income, and contribution to Nebraska’s Gross State Product using input-output modelling. An analysis of the first four years of operations shows that over a ten-year period, the program will induce 789 job-years of employment, create $17.26 million in net income from added wage and salary compensation, and contribute $28.3 million to the Nebraska Gross State Product. Under normal investment conditions, nearly $54,000 is required to create a single full-time equivalent job. However, because the Energy Office loans leverage funds from commercial lenders, an $18,000 investment by the State creates a full-time position, one of the lowest dollar-invested to job-created ratios in the nation.

 


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Southern California Edison, CFB Manufacturer's Rebate (residential/commercial), Profile #113

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



Utilities have learned that moving rebates upstream, from the consumer to the vendor, is a cost-effective means of promoting energy efficiency. Southern California Edison has demonstrated the success of this model in its Compact Fluorescent Bulb program, which gives the incentive to the manufacturer, creating two pronounced benefits. First, by requiring that the manufacturer pass along the unit savings downstream, a $5 incentive becomes far greater when it reaches the consumer. (Consumer discounts can reach as high as $15 with a $5 manufacturer’s rebate.) Second, by allocating wholesale rebates to a large quantity of lamps from manufacturers, utilities can stipulate performance criteria, such as maximum levels of harmonic distortion and minimum efficiency levels. Manufacturers’ rebate programs can create financial leverage while transforming the market for energy-efficient products.



Another feature of the CFB program design is its three-fold ability to work with manufacturers to achieve even greater cost savings and performance improvements, each of which will further stimulate market transformation. First, since the utility rebates CFLs in bulk, manufacturers have been keen to participate in the program, and have even contributed to further lower the cost of the lamps. Second, by establishing a bidding and scoring system, Edison has been able to push manufacturers to produce products with quite specific and improved performance characteristics. Third, the program has been able to reward manufacturers with strong and established distribution channels (for instance, in large retail chains). Edison’s contracts with participating manufacturers included a prerequisite number of units to be sold within an allotted timeframe. If this quota was not met, SCE reallocated the funds to other manufacturers who could deliver, market, and sell the lamps. Points were also awarded to manufacturers based on the degree to which they would commit to help market the lamps, often through cooperative arrangements with retailers.



Included in the program’s design is a self monitoring component which cuts the administrative responsibilities of the utility and obligates the manufacturers to meet sales commitments. Verification of completed sales was required in the form of purchase orders and shipping documentation before manufacturers are reimbursed for their rebates. This confirmed that the pre-set sales agreements had been met and tracked the movement of units for SCE.



SCE’s manufacturer’s rebate program is a proven method of achieving high penetration and market transformation at lower costs in an easily transferable design. Their residential CFB program succeeded in moving over 2 million lamps with administrative costs running only 10% of the program’s total costs, increasing the products’ distribution by eight-fold. A similar success was experienced when SCE applied the model to their commercial customers and to other efficiency technologies. Currently, this same model is being considered by utilities across the country and on a nation-wide scale.

 

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